Skip to main content

Main navigation

  • Home
  • Discover
  • Learning Center
  • What’s New

Second main navigation

  • Altium Community
  • Support
  • Documentation
×

Results

  • Updates
  • Blog 570
  • Video 539
  • Webinar 86
  • Playlist 53
Filters:
Tag (field_common_tag)
Embedded thumbnail for Enhanced Constraint Manager in Altium Designer 25. Part I: From Directives to Creepage Rules
Enhanced Constraint Manager in Altium Designer 25 • Jun 9, 2025
Enhanced Constraint Manager in Altium Designer 25. Part I: From Directives to Creepage Rules

We are introducing a new video series on the Enhanced Constraint Manager in Altium Designer 25. In the first chapter, Samer Aldhaher demonstrates how to define net classes, apply clearance and creepage rules, and validate constraints within both the schematic and PCB. The video uses a 1kW, 400V brushless DC motor driver project to illustrate real-world applications.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Design Faster with Altium Designer 25
Altium Designer's 25 Quantitative Benefits • Jun 6, 2025
Design Faster with Altium Designer 25

Every second and every click count in the product development cycle. See how the new PCB Layout Replication feature in Altium Designer 25 boosts your efficiency in the PCB design process. Want to improve even more? Check out our Benefit Calculator now!

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Creating PCB Drill Drawings and Tables in Altium Designer
How-To's • Jun 5, 2025
Creating PCB Drill Drawings and Tables in Altium Designer

If you want to learn more about drill drawings and tables in your PCB designs using Altium Designer, this tutorial is a must-watch. In the video, our Tech Consultant Zach Peterson walks you through multiple methods for generating these critical fabrication documents, including automatic Gerber outputs and custom drawings.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Streamlining Team Collaboration in Industrial PCB Projects - Recording Preview
New in Altium Designer 25 • Jun 4, 2025
Streamlining Team Collaboration in Industrial PCB Projects - Recording Preview

This webinar recording shows how Altium Designer and Altium 365 improve team collaboration in industrial PCB projects. It covers features like version control, live commenting, task tracking, and JIRA integration to help teams work more efficiently and reduce costly errors.

Start Watching
Blog • Jun 3, 2025
Preparing for Prototype: Final Component Validation

Final component validation is the last critical check before building a prototype, ensuring all parts are accurate, available, and viable. This article shows how Altium’s integrated tools—like SiliconExpert, Z2Data, Octopart, and BOM Portal—help teams avoid costly surprises and prepare with confidence.

Read More
Blog • Jun 2, 2025
Getting Started with Harness Design in Altium Designer 25

Explore the essential steps and tools for Harness Design in Altium Designer 25, from initial setup to final documentation. The article highlights how the unified design environment streamlines the entire process, improving efficiency and project integration.

Read More
Blog • May 30, 2025
The Future of PCB Design Starts Here

Altium Designer is constantly evolving, with powerful new features and updates on the way. Get an exclusive first look at what’s coming next—visit our Coming Soon page to stay up to date with the latest innovations.

Read More
Blog • May 29, 2025
Simplify Harness-to-System Connections for Better PCB Design Outcomes

Struggling to keep harness and system designs in sync? In our brand-new article we explore how integrating PCB and harness design workflows can eliminate errors, improve collaboration, and accelerate your development process. Discover a smarter approach to connecting your harness to the system.

Read More
Embedded thumbnail for AC Coupling Capacitors: Placement for High-Speed PCB Design
How-To's • May 28, 2025
AC Coupling Capacitors: Placement for High-Speed PCB Design

Learn the facts about AC coupling capacitor placement in high-speed PCB designs. In this video, Zach Peterson explores the ongoing debate: should AC coupling capacitors be placed near the transmitter or the receiver in high-speed differential pairs?

Start Watching
Blog • May 27, 2025
The Crucial Balance: Cost, Quality, and Availability In Electronic Component Selection

Balancing cost, quality, and availability is key when selecting electronic components. This article explores how to make informed choices that meet design goals while managing supply chain and sourcing challenges.

Read More
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Export 3D-MID Tracks as Centerline Curves
New in Altium Designer 25 • May 23, 2025
Coming Soon: Export 3D-MID Tracks as Centerline Curves

Coming Soon: 3D-MID Track-to-Centerline Export allows you to export conductive tracks on 3D substrates as precise centerline curves within STEP files—enabling seamless integration with advanced 5-axis manufacturing processes. Explore more upcoming upgrades on our Coming Soon page.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Advanced xSignal and Impedance Control Techniques - Recording Preview
New in Altium Designer 25 • May 20, 2025
Advanced xSignal and Impedance Control Techniques - Recording Preview

This webinar recording explores advanced xSignal and impedance control techniques in Altium Designer 25. It covers defining xSignals, managing impedance profiles, differential pairs, and delay tuning—all essential for high-speed PCB design. Full recording you find here: April 2025 COM Webinar Recording.

Start Watching
Blog • May 19, 2025
Wire Harness Failures: The Hidden Costs and Real-World Recalls That Could Have Been Prevented

Wire harness failures can lead to significant financial losses, production delays, and safety hazards. This article delves into real-world examples of such failures across industries and illustrates how modern CAD tools can help prevent these costly issues.

Read More
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Embedded 3D Models for Harness Designs
How-To's • May 16, 2025
Coming Soon: Embedded 3D Models for Harness Designs

Coming soon: the Embedded 3D Models for Harness Designs feature will automatically include Parasolid-format 3D models in your harness layout drawings. This improves integration with MCAD CoDesigner, enabling seamless synchronization between electrical and mechanical design domains. To see more upcoming upgrades, visit our Coming Soon page.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Make Smarter Design Decisions with Signal Analyzer by Keysight
New in Altium Designer 25 • May 14, 2025
Make Smarter Design Decisions with Signal Analyzer by Keysight

Discover how to simplify your workflow and boost design confidence with Signal Analyzer by Keysight—a complete extension available right inside Altium Designer 25. This whitepaper shows you how to analyze impedance, delay, and insertion/return loss without ever leaving your design environment.

Start Watching
Blog • May 13, 2025
Part Selection Fundamentals: Creating Resilient Component Requirements

Learn how to ensure electronic components meet the demands of harsh environments. This article explores key standards, testing protocols, and design considerations for building resilient systems that perform reliably under extreme conditions.

Read More
  • Show More
Tag (field_common_tag)
Altium 365 SOC 2 Type 1 Certified
Blog • Feb 15, 2022
Announcing SOC 2 Type 1 Certification for Altium 365

We are pleased to announce that Altium 365 is officially SOC 2 Type 1 certified. System and Organization Controls (SOC) 2 is a widely recognized attestation of security compliance defined by the AICPA and is considered the standard for ensuring data security and operational maturity. A SOC 2 certification provides valuable information for companies to assess the quality of the security provided by a service such as Altium 365.

Read More
Three ways to manage your BOM costs
Blog • Feb 10, 2022
Improving Supply Chain Success with BOM Management

It’s no secret that component shortages have become more frequent this year. Companies will continue to grapple with supply chain challenges into 2022 and beyond. The impact of manufacturing delays can be substantial if a part is not available. Delays occur and sales plans get put on hold. It can also be very expensive and risky to replace parts from multiple sources. Fortunately, many shortages can be avoided by introducing proactive supply chain practices.

Read More
Reliability and failure analysis
Blog • Feb 8, 2022
Overview of PCB/PCBA Reliability and Failure Analysis

Reliability testing and failure analysis of a PCB/PCBA go hand-in-hand; when designs are stressed to the limit, their failure modes need to be determined through thorough inspection and analysis. To get started on this topic, it’s important to understand the qualification aspects that will govern your bare board design and the PCBA. We’ll look at the various dimensions of PCB/PCBA reliability, as well as some of the standard failure analysis techniques used to identify potential design change requirements.

Read More
Plane and Cavity Resonances
Blog • Feb 3, 2022
When Do PCB Power Plane Resonances Occur?

By now, designers should be aware of some important behavior involved in power delivery to components in a PCB, particularly for digital components. All digital components produce and manipulate wideband signals, where the frequency content theoretically extends up to infinite frequency. As such, some radiation may propagate through your PCB, leading to resonant behavior that is not observed on the power rail.

Read More
Selecting a plating material
Blog • Feb 1, 2022
How to Choose PCB Plating for Your Finished Board

Once your board passes through the standard PCB fabrication process, the bare copper in your PCB will be ready for the application of a surface finish. PCB plating is applied to protect any copper in your PCB that would be exposed through the solder mask, whether it’s a pad, via, or other conductive element. In this article, I’ll run over the different PCB plating material options and their advantages in your PCB. 

Read More
What is the PCB Supply Chain?
Blog • Jan 27, 2022
What is the PCB Supply Chain?

The PCB supply chain encompasses multiple components, raw materials, and the PCB itself. PCBs and PCB assemblies are often the most technically complex components that are purchased for electronic assemblies and products. The complexity of modern PCBs leads to several challenges for a supply chain management team that may be significantly different when compared with other commodities the team manages. In this brief guide, we'll look in-depth at the PCB supply chain, and specifically what falls within the purview of a procurement and supply chain management team.

Read More
What is mode conversion
Blog • Jan 25, 2022
A Guide to Mode Conversion, Its Causes, and Solutions

On interconnects, such as board-to-board connections or cascaded transmission line arrangements, you have an important EMC compliance metric that is sometimes overlooked. This is mode conversion, which can be visualized in an S-parameter measurement for differential and common-mode signal transmission. In this article, we’ll look at a short overview of mode conversion in high-speed design with some examples from common differential standards.

Read More
Pad and via sizing
Blog • Jan 20, 2022
PCB Via Size and Pad Size Guidelines

There are some aspects of PCB design and layout that seem deceptively simple, and yet they have a complex answer that is related to many important aspects of manufacturing. One of these design aspects is the match between PCB via size and pad size. Obviously, these two points are related; all vias have a landing pad that supports the via and provides a place to route traces into a via pad. However, there are some important sizing guidelines to follow when the matching pad and via sizes, and this match is an important element of DFM and reliability.

Read More
Differential Microstrip Impedance
Blog • Jan 18, 2022
Differential Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Are you looking for a free tool that you can use to calculate the impedance of differential microstrips? We created a simple tool you can use to calculate differential microstrip impedance for a given geometry and dielectric constant. If you’ve been looking for an accurate differential microstrip impedance calculator, then the calculator below is certainly one of the best free tools you’ll find on the internet before you start using field solvers to determine differential pair impedance.

Read More
PCB DFM Check
Blog • Jan 13, 2022
Getting Through a PCB DFM Check

In this article, we’ll discuss the key design features to implement, and steps to take prior to fabrication that will help prevent some common DFM problems. I’ll also provide examples of where I commonly see these PCB DFM problems in signal integrity circuits.

Read More
Spreading Inductance
Blog • Jan 11, 2022
What is Spreading Inductance?

If you’re working with a high-speed digital component, there are some simple power integrity rules that should be followed. However, there is one quantity that is sometimes ignored when building a PDN impedance simulation: the spreading inductance of your plane pair. Here are some points designers should know about the spreading inductance of a plane pair.

Read More
PCB Design Basics for New Designers
Blog • Jan 6, 2022
PCB Design Basics for New Designers

In this article, I’ll present some design basics that every new designer should follow to help ensure their design process is successful. Some of these points may challenge the conventional view of how circuit boards are constructed, but they are intended to help balance low noise signaling, manufacturability, and ease of solving a layout.

Read More
Selecting Materials for High Voltage PCB Design and Layout
Blog • Jan 4, 2022
Selecting Materials for High Voltage PCB Design and Layout

High voltage PCBs are subject to certain safety and reliability concerns that you won’t find in most other boards. If your fabrication house specializes in high voltage PCBs and keeps materials in stock, they can likely recommend a material set, as well as a standard stackup you might use for certain voltage ranges and frequencies. If you need to choose your own materials, follow the tips below to help you narrow down to the right material set.

Read More
Via tenting in PCB Layout
Blog • Dec 28, 2021
When to Use Tented Vias in Your PCB Layout

There are some guidelines I see many designers implement as a standard practice, often without thinking about it. Some of these practices are misunderstood or implemented without best practices. Others are implemented without thinking about the potential problems. One of these is the use of tented vias, which is sometimes implemented in a PCB layout by default. Is this always the right practice?

Read More
Capacitive load termination
Blog • Dec 23, 2021
How to Impedance Match and Terminate Capacitive Loads

The idea of a purely capacitive load is something of a fallacy. Yes, capacitors exist, but all capacitors are non-ideal, and it is this deviation from a theoretical capacitance that determines how to impedance match a load that exhibits capacitive behavior. Let’s take a look at this important aspect of interconnect design and see what it really means to terminate a capacitive load.

Read More
Using Altium 365 Over Your Vanilla Version Control System
Blog • Dec 20, 2021
Using Altium 365 Over Your Vanilla Version Control System

There are all sorts of version control systems out there that people have been using with their PCB design software. As discussed in Why Use a Version Control System, we looked at different options ranging for local hard drive storage to sophisticated online revisioning systems. In this article we will be reviewing the differences between a standard VCS and Altium 365.

Read More
  • Show More
Tag (field_common_tag)
Embedded thumbnail for Altium Designer 24 - Out Now!
New in Altium Designer 24 • Dec 14, 2023
Altium Designer 24 - Out Now!

Altium Designer 24 has arrived, heralding a groundbreaking transformation. Now available for download, it introduces exciting features including PCB CoDesign, Constraint Manager, PCB Layout Replication, Ansys CoDesigner and much more. Altium Designer isn't just a requested tool; it's a requirement that establishes the standard in electronic design.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Sectional View
New in Altium Designer 24 • Dec 11, 2023
Coming Soon: Sectional View

Discover more about our latest upgraded feature, premiering on December 13th. The Sectional View is a tool that simplifies and enhances your PCB design process. Whether you're troubleshooting complex designs or streamlining your workflow, it provides clarity and efficiency.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Advanced Mixed Simulation Features
New in Altium Designer 24 • Dec 7, 2023
Coming Soon: Advanced Mixed Simulation Features

We invite you to explore the world of mixed simulation. Delve deeper into key information about this feature and its enhanced functionalities, available starting December 13th. Set up mixed-signal simulations to ensure accuracy and reliability in your design testing

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Harness MCAD CoDesign
New in Altium Designer 24 • Dec 5, 2023
Coming Soon: Harness MCAD CoDesign

In this short video, you can explore how Harness MCAD CoDesign, available on the 13th of December, streamlines the design process by minimizing errors, accelerating iterations, and ensuring a synchronized development process. Altium Designer 24 is on the horizon, and it's not just a request but a requirement for optimizing your electronic design process.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Altium Designer 24: From Requested to Required
New in Altium Designer 24 • Nov 22, 2023
Altium Designer 24: From Requested to Required

Altium Designer 24 is getting closer! In this short video, we are presenting a list of new features and improvements that will be available starting from the 13th of December in our software.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Harness Multi-Board
How-To's • Nov 17, 2023
Coming Soon: Harness Multi-Board

Altium Designer's all-in-one approach to electronic design seamlessly combines Harness and Multi-Board Design capabilities, allowing you to create complex multi-board systems with ease. This new feature, available from December 13th, provides an opportunity to bring design and manufacturing teams together, inspiring a streamlined design process, reducing the risk of errors, and ensuring unwavering project deliveries.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for The Most Common 2-Layer PCB Design Mistakes and How To Avoid Them
How-To's • Nov 13, 2023
The Most Common 2-Layer PCB Design Mistakes and How To Avoid Them

Do you encounter issues when preparing a two-layer board? In this video, we address some of the most common mistakes made with this type of board and explain why upgrading to a four-layer board might be the solution you need.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Ansys CoDesigner
How-To's • Nov 9, 2023
Coming Soon: Ansys CoDesigner

Ansys CoDesigner (which will be released on the13th of December) simplifies your design process by connecting ECAD and Simulation to eliminate manual export/import steps. With features like design change synchronization and commenting, Altium Designer ECAD engineers and Ansys Electronics Desktop (AEDT) SIM engineers can collaborate seamlessly in one workspace.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Automatic Multi-Net Tuning
How-To's • Nov 3, 2023
Coming Soon: Automatic Multi-Net Tuning

Automatic Multi-Net Tuning enhances PCB design accuracy and efficiency by automatically adjusting multiple nets simultaneously to meet specific design rules, including length and delay. Learn more about this feature, which will be released on December 13th. Its flexibility enables effective work with differential pairs and traces at any angle. It not only identifies but also rectifies issues related to automatic length tuning, ensuring your designs adhere to key standards without the need for manual adjustments.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: PCB CoDesign
How-To's • Oct 31, 2023
Coming Soon: PCB CoDesign

PCB CoDesign makes it easier for everyone to work together and meet project deadlines. In Altium Designer 24, which is scheduled for release on December 13th, we are introducing a new feature. This feature optimizes your resources through a Git-like approach, allowing multiple team members to work simultaneously and commit changes to a master branch. This expedites the design process and lowers project costs.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: MultiBoard Draftsman
How-To's • Oct 26, 2023
Coming Soon: MultiBoard Draftsman

MultiBoard Draftsman enhances the efficiency of design reviews and assembly precision by offering a unified platform for detailed viewing and documentation of MultiBoard Designs. Discover more about this feature in our brand-new short video.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: PCB Layout Replication
How-To's • Oct 24, 2023
Coming Soon: PCB Layout Replication

PCB Layout Replication allows quick replication of layouts for repetitive circuitry blocks in a flat PCB design. In this short video we will show you how this new tool (scheduled for release on December 13th) eliminates the need to do repetitive tasks manually or for various workarounds like snippets or multi-channel designs.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Coming Soon: Constraint Manager
How-To's • Oct 16, 2023
Coming Soon: Constraint Manager

Constraint Manager simplifies PCB design by facilitating collaborative constraint definition from both Schematic and PCB. Learn more about this new feature, which streamlines the process of setting electrical clearances and creating rules while centralizing class management for time-saving convenience.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Debounce Circuit
Simulation in Altium Designer • Oct 9, 2023
Debounce Circuit

Learn how to simulate the circuit, identify a common issue, and walk through how to diagnose and correct any errors found in a seemingly well-designed debounce circuit. 

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer. Part II: Using an External Library, Internal IPC Compliant Footprint Wizard, and Datasheet-Based Creation
Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer • Oct 6, 2023
Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer. Part II: Using an External Library, Internal IPC Compliant Footprint Wizard, and Datasheet-Based Creation

In this video, we will guide you through three distinct manual component import methods; employing an external library, utilizing the internal IPC Compliant Footprint Wizard, or creating one yourself based on documentation.

Start Watching
Embedded thumbnail for Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer. Part I: Manufacturer Part Search & External Plugin
Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer • Sep 29, 2023
Import Component Footprints Faster with Altium Designer. Part I: Manufacturer Part Search & External Plugin

In this video, we will demonstrate the first two methods of importing components into Altium Designer; through Manufacturer Part Search or by using an external plugin.

Start Watching
  • Show More
Tag (field_common_tag)
 Preventing Obsolescence Before It Hits
On-Demand Webinar • Jun 12, 2025
Proactive Lifecycle Management: Preventing Obsolescence Before It Hits
Take the first step toward eliminating avoidable delays and costly redesigns. Don't miss it and register now!
Watch Now
Integrating Requirements June 2025 Webinar
On-Demand Webinar • May 28, 2025
Integrating Requirements into Your PCB Design Workflow
Join our webinar where you will learn about integrated requirements tools who can help you eliminate late-stage design changes, AI support through system requirements and integration of design requirements directly in PCB Design. Don't miss it, register now!
Watch Now
A365 Webinar
On-Demand Webinar • Apr 23, 2025
Collaborative Design Review: Ensuring Quality from Schematics to Supply Chain
Join our live webinar to learn how Altium 365 accelerates collaboration, standardizes workflows, and ensures design integrity to mitigate risks and accelerate time to market.
Watch Now
Webinar: From Prototype to Production: Optimizing BOM Costs Without Compromising Quality with Part Analytics
On-Demand Webinar • Apr 22, 2025
From Prototype to Production: Optimizing BOM Costs Without Compromising Quality with Part Analytics
Learn how to reduce production BOM costs without redesign, explore techniques to consolidate part demand for volume savings, and discover case examples from supply chain teams that increased sourcing process efficiency by up to 97%.
Watch Now
Streamlining Team Collaboration
On-Demand Webinar • Apr 17, 2025
Streamlining Team Collaboration in Industrial PCB Projects
Join us for our upcoming webinar to discover how Altium Designer and Altium 365 can transform your team’s collaboration and take your PCB design projects to the next level. Attend for a chance to win free access to the Altium 365 Training Bundle.
Watch Now
Component management
On-Demand Webinar • Apr 10, 2025
Ensure Best Designs with Professional Library Management
In this webinar, you'll discover how Altium Designer facilitates robust component management, including adding part choices to mitigate supply chain risks and leveraging Altium 365 managed components.
Watch Now
April 2025 Webinar Cover
On-Demand Webinar • Apr 9, 2025
Component Selection in Altium Designer: Making Data-Driven Decisions with Data Integrations
Improve component selection with real-time data insights in Altium 365! Join our live webinar to optimize your PCB development. Sign up now!
Watch Now
Altium Agile
Live Webinar
Altium Agile Teams - Sneak Peek
Get a first glimpse into this new Electronic Product Development Platform.
Jan
21
English
3:00 PM, CET
Jan
21
German
10:00 AM, CET
Jan
22
Italian
10:00 AM, CET
Jan
22
French
3:00 PM, CET
Jan
22
Spanish
3:00 PM, CET
Register Now
Altium Designer Overview
On-Demand Webinar • Dec 4, 2025
Altium Designer Onboarding Workshop
Join our live training workshop and see Altium Designer in action—from creating your first schematic to delivering ready-to-manufacture PCB files.
Watch Now
Altium Platform
On-Demand Webinar • Nov 21, 2025
Altium Platform - A foundation to meet your & your company’s targets
Discover how the Altium platform makes multidisciplinary cooperation easy and efficient.
Watch Now
Harness design
On-Demand Webinar • Nov 17, 2025
From single PCB to Harnessed Product
Discover how to streamline PCB-to-harness design with Altium’s powerful tools and boost collaboration across disciplines.
Watch Now
3D-MID Design
On-Demand Webinar • Oct 20, 2025
3D-MID Design in Altium
Discover how even complex products for 3D circuit designs are implemented easily in Altium.
Watch Now
Altium Designer Overview
On-Demand Webinar • Aug 20, 2025
Altium Designer and Altium 365 Overview
In this webinar we will show you how easy it is to create a prototype from scratch using Altium Designer in combination with Altium 365.
Watch Now
Altium Enterprise
On-Demand Webinar • Aug 3, 2025
Safety & Reliability in Electronics Design – Strategies, Standards & Tools
How can development teams and decision-makers effectively implement safety, security, and compliance without delaying innovation?
Watch Now
Altium Enterprise
On-Demand Webinar • Aug 2, 2025
Sustainability & Energy Efficiency in Electronic Product Development
Watch Now
Proactive Component Selection
On-Demand Webinar • May 22, 2025
Proactive Component Selection: Mitigating Manufacturing Delays Before They Happen
Most teams spend hours on component research yet still face redesigns. Learn how Altium 365 helps you make proactive, data-driven part decisions. Join SiliconExpert’s Jackie Sartin to discover smarter sourcing with real-time insights and validated alternatives.
Watch Now
  • Show More
Tag (field_common_tag)
Tag (field_common_tag)
Loading
Loading...
Share link
Share with
Search by Update
Version
Update
25 26 24 23 22
25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9
26.1 26.2
24.10 24.9 24.8 24.7 24.6 24.5 24.4 24.3 24.2 24.1 24.0
23.11 23.10 23.9 23.8 23.7 23.6 23.5 23.4 23.3 23.2 23.1 23.0
22.11 22.10 22.9 22.8 22.7 22.6 22.5 22.4 22.3